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View of frankpledge and court baron, 9 April 1619
Centre for Bucks Studies D175/1
Translated from Latin. This is the first court roll to survive since the reign of Henry VIII, and was probably kept separately because of the extensive orders in English.
Winslowe with members. View of Frank Pledge with Court Baron or halimot of Francis Fortescue of the honourable Order of the Bath, knight, held there on 9 April 17 James (England), 52 (Scotland), before Richard Hoskins, gent., chief steward.
Constables:
William Millar and Nicholas Mitchell, Winslowe
John Stephens sr and Thomas Holland, Greenborowe
John Illinge sr and Thomas Addams, Little Horwood
Robert Glenister, Shipton
Tithingmen:
Robert Illinge and Walter Kirby, Winslowe
Thomas Hobson and Thomas Goodspeed, Grenborowe
John Barret and Richard Wilson, Little Horwood
Anthony Tomlyns, Shipton
Essoins as set out in the book of tenants' names &c.
12 jurors for the lord king and the lord of the manor:
William Edmonds gent., Henry Wendover, William Spooner, Richard Shelton, Thomas Graunte, Nicholas Mitchell, Richard Snowe
John Graunte als Millar, William Glenister, George Ellyott, John Stephens, Ralph Stephens, William Stephens, William Bowden
Thomas Graunte als Millar, Benedict Holland jr, Richard Cowper, Henry Curtyce, Thomas Addams, George Williat, John Illynge jr
Richard Wilson and John Foster chosen tithingmen of Winslowe, sworn for next year
John Rutland chosen constable of Greenborow
Richard Lea chosen hayward in Little Horwood
William Gildgrist chosen hayward in Shipton
The 12 Jurors presented that Edward Bennett 4d, William Haylie 4d, Thomas Kirbie 2d, William Meanell 4d, John Paxton 4d, Robert Snowe 4d, William Tomlyn 4d and Robert Travell 2d are tenants dwelling in the vill of Winslowe and committed default; therefore amerced.
Default by tenants in Shipton: Thomas Deverell 12d, Nicholas Overinge 4d, Thomas Sylversyde 2d and William Tomlyns 4d.
Default by tenants in Garnborowe: Richard Grace sr 4d, Benedict Grace 4d and Ann Osbourne 4d.
Default by tenants in Little Horwood: Gabriel Hobbs 4d, Thomas Illinge 12d and Robert Williat 4d.
Default by residents in Winslowe: Nicholas Mason, William Harris, William Udden, Thomas Hall, John Hall, Abraham Prentis, John Kinge, Richard Wilson, Richard Allen, Thomas Robson, Robert Tomlyn, John Nash, John Reyner, Thomas Laughton, Edward Tomlyn and Roger Lyncolne; amerced 2d each.
Default by residents in Greenborowe: John Hewes, Thomas Emerton, Robert Hatton, Richard Sternee, Geoffrey Wyrrall & Richard Grace
Default by residents in Little Horwood: Joseph Barbor, Walter Graunte, Richard Marratt, William Basse, Richard Stonly, William Ashwell & Richard Stephens
Mathew Denchfield within the precincts of this view committed affray on Thomas Tomlyn and drew blood with his knife against the king's peace; therefore amerced 3s 4d.
George Styles committed assault and drew blood from Edmund Browne; amerced 3s 4d.
Thomas Stonehill sold wine by illegal measures and broke the lord king's assize, making excessive profit therefrom against the form of the statute given and provided thereon; therefore amerced 6d.
Thomas Stonehill 4d, Henry Wallis 4d, Nicholas Mitchell 4d, Edward Brickell 3d, Robert Snackstone 3d, Edward Playsteed 3d, Elizabeth Tappinge 3d, Widow Hudson 2d, Paul Lancaster 2d, Nicholas Brinsall 2d, Michael Walker 2d, Nicholas Overinge 4d, John Norcott 4d, Edward James 2d, John Glenister 2d, John Burrall 3d and Anthony Tomlyn 4d are tipplers [=sellers] of beer and broke the lord king's assize; therefore amerced.
Thomas Pitkyn jr permitted his horse to graze in the fields sown with wheat against the order of this court; forfeit 12d.
John Thorpe kept his sheep in the middle of this field against the order of this court; forfeit 12d.
Henry Stephens for the same; forfeit 12d.
Thomas Goodspeed through his son cut and carried away "furzes" against the order of this court; amerced 12d.
John Grace 6d, Joan Worrall 4d, Thomas Hall 4d & John Hobson 4d made dunghills and placed ordure in the king's highway in Greenborowe; therefore amerced.
The common pound [parcum] of Greenborowe is much in decay and especially in disrepair. John Rutland 3s 4d, Thomas Pitkin 3s 4d and the occupiers of the lands lately Clements 3s 4d therefore amerced. It was ordered that all common pounds within the precincts of this view will be sufficiently repaired before 10 June next, each vill for its own pound under a penalty of 40s on default.
A black bullock worth 33s 4d in January in the 15th year of the present king came into the vill of Little Horwood and was impounded there and proclaimed according to the form of the statute, and remains in the Bailiff's hands.
William Basse was convicted of a felony perpetrated by him. He was in possession of a cottage, part of a barn in Little Horwood, on the demising of John Denbye for a term of years still to come, but for what term is not known to the jurors. By reason of the conviction, he has forfeited to the lord all his goods and chattels. Therefore the Bailiff was ordered to take the cottage into the lord's hands and to answer to the lord for it.
Robert Allen was convicted of a felony perpetrated by him, and for that reason has forfeited to the lord all goods and chattels, and among other things a term of years on a cottage in Little Horwood held by him on the demising of John Williat and his mother. Therefore the Bailiff was ordered to take the cottage into the lord's hands and to answer to the lord for it.
John Udden died seised of a half-virgate in Little Horwood held by copy of court roll. Amy his wife survived and according to the custom of the manor had dower of a third of it. Afterwards she married one Thomas Barbor, who afterwards was duly convicted of a felony perpetrated by him. For that reason he forfeited to the lord all his goods and chattels, and the holdings during the lives of Thomas and Amy. The Bailiff was ordered to take it and all his goods and chattels into the lord's hands and to be responsible to the lord for it.
It was ordered that all previous orders shall continue in full force and effect until the next court to be held here, with these orders annexed below in these English words:
[English] Imprimis it is ordered that noe man shall keepe above iiij beasts and xx sheepe for every twentie acres of land in the com(m)on fields of Winslowe and for every man that hath land there ratably accordinge to that p(ro)protion uppon payne to forfeit for every beast or shepe kept there above that rate and p(ro)portion - 3s 4d
[f.1v] Item it is ordered that noe victualler shall keepe above one Sowe & two storers in the Com(m)on fields upon payne to forfeite for every hogg or storer kept above that rate - 12d
Item that noe man shall keepe any hoggs goeinge abroade but in p(re)sence of the hogheard and none shall keepe their hoggs unringed uppon payne to forfeite for every one kept otherwise goeinge abroad or unringed for every tyme - 6d
Item that noe sheepe shalbe kept in the wheatfield, untill one weeke after wheatharvest be in, nor in the Beanefield before St Luks day [18 Oct] uppon payne that the owner of such sheepe shall forfeite for every one soe offendinge for every tyme - 3s 4d
Item that the streets be made cleane once every three monethes at least from all dunge heapes uppon payne to forfeite for every one that shall breake this order - 3s 4d
Item that the owner of every Chymney whether Landlord or Tena(n)te shall every moneth where neede requireth see such Chymney beinge in decay sufficiently repayred uppon payne to forfeite for every offence for every moneth - 3s 4d
Item that every one that shalbe found or knowne to cut or breake any hedges or bushes w(it)h entent to steale or carry away the same beinge not their owne shall forfeit for every such offence - 12d
Item that every one that shall buy or cause to be bought any such bushes or wood stollen shall forfeite for every burthen soe bought - 12d
Item that every one that shall keepe any goose or goslings in any of the feilds shalle forfeite for every goose or goslinge soe kept 4d
Item that noe man shall tye or cause to be tyed any mare w(i)th a colt in the wheatfield after midso(m)mer day next upon payne to forfeite for every mare tyed there after that day - 5s
Item that noe manner of beast shalbe kept untyed in the highways upon payne that the owner of such beast shall forfeite for e[very] beast soe untyed, for every tyme - 12d
Supervisores hor(um) ordinum
Petrus Fyge gen'
Will(iam)us Spooner &
Ric(ard)us Shelton
if they be negligent in Overseeinge and doe not p(re)sent these orders every one to forfeite - 10s
[l. margin] In Litle Horwode
Imprimis it is ordered that all the wood mounds between Brownesfield corner & the pasture closes shalbe sufficiently made betweene this day and the twentieth of this instant moneth of Aprill upon payne to forfeite for every perch or gape not made - 3s 4d
Item that noe man shall keepe any beasts but in the Com(m)on heard (except in his owne grounds) upon payne to forfeite for ev(e)ry beast so kept - 3s 4d
Item that no mares that have colts shalbe tyed in the wheatfield after the colts are one moneth old upon payne that the owner of every such mare shall forfeite for every offence - 3s 4d
Item that none shall lease or gleane any white corne untill the owner have quite carried his corne away uppon payne for every one that shalbe taken soe offendinge to forfeite - 12d
Item that none shall gather any peaze in any mans ground but his owne w(i)thout leave upon payne to forfeit for ev(e)ry offence - 12d
Item that none shall keepe any sheepe in the wheate stubble field before Mich(aelmas) day upon payne to forfeite for ev(e)ry sheepe soe kept - 3s 4d
Item (tha)t none shall keepe any sheepe in the Beanefield before St Edwards day uppon payne to forfeite for ev(er)ie sheepe soe kept - 3s 4d
Item that none shall keepe any sheepe in the township of Little Horwood except he doe fold them from May day next untill Symon and Judes day [28 Oct] (if the weather doe serve uppon payne to forfeite for ev(er)y sheepe soe kept unfolded - 3s 4d
Supervisores horum ordinum
Georgius Williat &
Thomas Addams
If they be negligent in overseeinge and doe not p(re)sent these orders every of them to forfeite x s
[l. margin] In Granborowe
Imprimis it is ordered that none shall keepe above tenne beasts for one yard land and for every one that hath land p(ro)portionably after that rate upon payne to forfeite for every beast kept above that rate or p(ro)portion - 5s
Item that noe man shall keepe above lxx sheepe for one yard land, and soe every one that hath land p(ro)portionably after that rate upon payne to forfeite for every sheepe kept above that rate - 12d
Item that noe man shall keepe any geese or goslings upon any of the Com(m)ons upon payne to forfeite for every goose or gosling soe kept - 12d
Item that noe man shall cut any bushes or furzes upon the Com(m)ons w(i)thout the generall consent of the ten(a)nts upon payne to forfeite for every burthen soe cut - 12d
Item that the wheate field from Bodens Lane end unto the Berry hedge Corner to be hayned by Candlemas day next [2 Feb] upon payne to forfeite for every one that shall refuse - 5s
Item that none shall tye any mare and colte in the wheatfield after the colt is three weekes old upon payne to forfeite for any offence - 3s 4d [Arabic numerals]
Item that all suckinge colts shalbe tyed & not goe loose after Lam(m)as day [1 Aug] uppon payne to forfeite by (th)e owner of ev(er)y such colte soe untied - 3s 4d
Item that noe man shall keepe or tye any horses or mares in the fallowe field until Lam(m)as day upon payne to forfeite for every horse or mare soe kept or tied - 6s
Item that noe man shall keepe or tie any horses or mares in the Cowpasture untill Lam(m)as day upon payne to forfeite for ev(er)y horse or mare soe kept or tied - 3s 4d
Item that noe man shall keepe any beasts in the Cowepasture before the heard goe afield and after the heard comes home uppon payne to forfeite for every beast - 3s 4d
Item that none shall keepe any sheepe in the wheatestubble untill it be a fortnight after white harvest be home upon payne to forfeit for every sheepe for every tyme - 3s 4d
Item that none shall keepe any sheepe in the Beanestubble before St Edwards day upon payne to forfeite for every sheepe soe kept for every tyme - 5s
Item that every Coppiholder and such as are their ten(na)nts shall w(i)thin one moneth sufficiently repaire, and soe, sufficiently mainteyne their Chymneyes upon payne to forfeite for every chymney soe unrepaired for ev(er)y moneth - 5s
Item that every man shall amend his parte of the Pounde according as it hath byn usuall before the first day of May next upon payne to forfeite every one that shall make default herein - 5s
Supervisores hor(um) ordinum
Will(iam)us Stephens Sen.
Will(iam)us Stephens Jun.
Thomas Grace
if they be negligent in Overseeinge & doe not p(re)sent the forfeitures of these orders every one of them to forfeite - 5s
It is ordered that all former orders for the towneshipp of Shipton to stand & be in force until the next Courte
Supervisores hor(um) ordinum
Ric(ard)us Snowe &
Will(iam)us Glenister
if they be negligent in overseeinge & doe not p(re)sent the forfeitures of these orders every one of them to forfeite - v s
Affur(atores)
Henricus Wendover
Ric(ard)us Cowper
Ric(ard)us Snowe &
Ric(ard)us Stephens
Jur(ati)
[Latin] Court Baron. Winslowe with members.
John Barret & Margaret his wife surrendered 1½ acres of arable land in Little Horwood to the use of Tobias Littleplige.
[f.2r] Richard Wyrrall mortgaged 1 acre in Greenborowe to William Holland of Bottleclay(don).
Joan Millar who held a cottage and 4½ acres of land in Winslowe for her life by copy of court roll granted at the court on 9 April 36 Elizabeth [1594] has died. Heriot a cow worth 33s 4d. Richard Myllar must be admitted to the premisses according to the tenor of the copy, to hold to himself and the legitimate heirs of his body. For want of such issue, reversion to the rightful heirs of William Millar his father. Fine 9s.
Peter Fyge gent. and Elizabeth his wife surrendered 1 acre containing 5 selions abutting on the freehold close of John Paxton on the east, John's land north and south in Longlane furlonge. To the use of William Edmonds gent. Fine 2s.
William Edmonds gent. and Elizabeth his wife surrendered 1 acre containing 2 selions: one lies over Mynges peece furlonge between the land of John Paxton west and William Spooner east. The other selion lies over Shortcostofurlonge, between the land of Peter Fyge on each side. To the use of Peter Fyge.
Hugh Goodspeed complained against Thomas Goodspeed and Katherine his wife on a plea of land in Greenborowe. Procedure of common recovery.
William Emerton who held a messuage and 9 acres in Greenborowe left the country [recessit patriam] about 4 years ago. By special grace the lord granted the holding to Henry Elliott [sic] his son, aged 15, provided that Henry's mother Margaret holds until he is 21, finds food and clothing for Henry, pays rent annually and repairs the buildings sufficiently. Margared pays as heriot 14s, Henry's fine 18s.
[another hand] The lord, moved by charity in consideration of a cottage of Henry Hale lately being in the high street [alto strato] or market place [foro] of Winslowe and demolished some time ago, granted to Henry the cottage in Wynslowe in which he now lives. Rent 2d. He also granted to Henry a garden and a parcel of land from the waste of the manor, adjoining the cottage and enclosed, now in Henry's occupation, to hold for the term of Henry's life only. Rent 2s, fine nothing. Fealty respited to the next court.
Notes
gape = gap, i.e. a breach in a wall or hedge (OED)
St Edwards day: probably 13 Oct, the Translation of St Edward the Confessor
hayned: enclosed with a fence or hedge (OED, s.v. hain)
white harvest: late harvest when there is frost on the ground (Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable)