
Directories and descriptions
- 1522 Certificate of Musters (householders with goods worth £1 or freehold land: about 54 names for Winslow and 21 for Shipton)
- Lay Subsidies 1524-5 (41 men assessed on land, goods or wages)
- Diocesan Population Return, 1563 (54 households)
- Schedule of lands and tenements, 1610 (full list of tenants)
- Gift for the defence of the Palatinate, 1622 (10 names)
- Subsidy, March 1625 (19 names from Winslow, 7 from Little Horwood)
- Subsidy, June 1628 (20 names from Winslow, 8 from Little Horwood)
- Subsidy, 1641 (20 names from Winslow, 9 from Little Horwood)
- Protestation Return, 1642 (lists nearly all the adult population)
- Contributions for Ireland, 1642 (60 contributors)
- Tax assessment for Granborough, 1647 (38 names or places)
- Free and voluntary present, 1661 (12 names from Winslow, 6 from Little Horwood, 14 from Granborough)
- Hearth Tax, 1662/3 (94 people paid)
- Subsidy, 1663 (11 names)
- Hearth Tax, 1670-3 (80 householders who were exempt)
- Buckinghamshire Muster Book, 1673 (8 men from Winslow)
- Association Rolls, 1696 (133 names)
- Richard Newcourt's account of the manor, 1708
- John Croft's totals of births, marriages and deaths, 1702-08
- Oath of Allegiance, 1723 (154 names)
- List of tenants, 1726 (119 names from Winslow & Shipton) and list of residents (91 names)
- List of tenants, 1729 (114 names from Winslow & Shipton) and residents (85 names)
- Browne Willis' account of the manor of Winslow, 1735
- List of residents, 1740: 97 names from Winslow and Shipton
- Duty paid on coaches and silver plate, 1757-66
- List of jurors, 1769 (20 names from Winslow)
- Bailey's British Directory, 1784
- Register of electors for Bucks, 1784
- G.M. Woodward, Eccentric Excursions (1796): describes a visit to Winslow
- 1795 directory
- 1798 Posse Comitatus (all males aged 15-60)
- 1798 Voluntary contributions for the war against France
- Royal Bucks Militia: men discharged 1799 and 1807
- Census statistics, 1801-2011
- Militia Ballot List, 1812
- Pigot's Directory, 1830
- Register of electors for Bucks, 1831
- Register of electors for Bucks, 1833
- Register of electors for Bucks, 1835-7
- Register of electors, 1838: 51 names
- Robson's Commercial Directory, 1839
- Pigot & Co.'s Directory, 1842
- Musson & Craven's Directory, 1853
- James Joseph Sheahan (1862)
- Post Office Directory, 1864
- Return of owners of land, 1873
- Harrods Directory (1876) (PDF file)
- Winslow Past and Present (Bicester Herald, 1879)
- Businesses in 1889
- Freemasons: members of Wineslai Lodge, 1892-1921
- Kelly's Directory of Buckinghamshire, 1895
- Kelly's Directory of Buckinghamshire, 1903
- Telephone directory, 1912
- Town Guide, 1932
- Businesses in 1933
- Hillier's Almanack (1939) (PDF file): this lists every householder in Winslow
- The Official Guide (1950s)
- Aerial photographs
- Winslow road names
Arthur Clear: A Thousand Years of Winslow Life (1888), pp.19-20
Having brought our narrative down to a comparatively recent period, it would not be amiss to pause awhile, and take a survey of the town as it appeared some sixty years since. Commencing with Shipton, there were then at least half a dozen more cottages standing along the brow of the hill, and the Turnpike road ran immediately in front of the Farm house now occupied by Mr. Monk, and a short distance along the Swanbourne Road on the right hand side stood an old fashioned farm house & buildings, that appear to have been used as a Pest house, or Small Pox Hospital. Coming down Sheep Street, in the lane dignified by the name of "Hobhouchin," stood two or three more cottages than at present, in one of which was an old Dame School kept by one Sally Warner, where some of our old Winslow boys received their eddication. In the field immediately opposite The Hall Gates stood a very ancient Blacksmiths Shop and dwelling house, this is said to have been occupied by the family of Jackman for nearly 300 years. In this street were held the large Sheep Fairs from time immemorial, hence probably its name. Between the Hall and the house now occupied by Mr. King was a roadway leading round to the tanyards, and so out into the Buckingham Road. In the Market Square was the Bull Ring, the Stocks and Whipping Post, and a ugly old timber and plaster Market-house standing on pillars, and much frequented by tinkers and gentry of that stamp. Around the Square many of the houses still retained their original overhanging fronts, being supported by massive oak pillars, of which a solitary specimen yet remains in the passage on the right hand side of the Bank. Of the houses apparently but little altered or modernised may be mentioned the Old Crown Inn, and the house now occupied by Mr. Grace, Blacksmith, both in the Market Square, and the old Windmill Inn in the High Street. Immediately at the back of the Bell Hotel, is an old block of buildings, now used as a Malt-house, Stables etc. These then formed the Parish Workhouse, Straw Plaiting School for boys, and a Mill-house in which the unemployed were set to work, grinding corn by hand. In the Alley stood an ancient Inn called the "George" kept by John King, the present "George" being then known as the "George & Horse Shoe." Turning round into Great Horn Street, at the corner on which the Engine house now stands, was a large pond in which the coach-horses were washed, this was called "Pillars Ditch," and gave its name to the locality, including the spot on which the old Baptist Chapel is situate near here was the little School kept by Thomas Rawbone, at which a certain number of children were taught free in accordance with the Will of Joseph Rogers. At the bottom of the "Walk" then called "Hanging Stile" stood two or three cottages known as the "Pest Houses," in the open space at the top of Horn Street immediately in front of the Grocers Shop then kept by Robert Ivatts, was the "Round House" or Lock up. In this Street many houses have been pulled down oflate years, but those now standing near the Crooked Billet, bearing the initials T.W.M., 1702, and another near the Girls School dated 1726, G, B., appear unaltered. The Parish-houses at the entrance of Churchyard, (the present Post Office) bear date 1701, but the back part of the house is evidently much older than that.
From the Market-place up to the Windmill Inn, the street bore the name of "Cow Street," here was held, as now the Cattle Market, beyond this the town proper did not extend. The houses now occupied by Mr. Coxill and Mr. Sear, sen., were the last on that side of the way, on the right adjoining the present house of Mr. Benbow, stood the old Parish Poorhouse, and dotted here and there were a few old thatched cottages, belonging to the parish, the last one standing somewhere on the site of the present Grocery Stores, beyond this were nothing but fields, the present Workhouse not being erected until 1836.
As a means of communication with the outer world, the coaches kept the town pretty lively, "The Regulator" started from the "Bell" Inn, for London, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, returning on alternate days. Two other coaches called the "Old Union," running between Banbury and London, also passed through the town daily. There were also three or four big lumbering Stage Waggons, drawn by four horses, one of which made its head quarters in the large building in "Parsons Close."
See also: Arthur Clear: A Thousand Years of Winslow Life (1888)
Bucks Herald, 31 Oct 1903
OLD WINSLOW AND SOME OF ITS ASSOCIATIONS
It is always interesting to note the old names and designations connected with the place where one resides, and particularly as when one has spent the major part of his days in it - to note the way in which some of the old names have been handed down from generation to generation, with only slight changes in their spelling or pronunciation, often however with their original meanings quite forgotten or obscured by the mists of long ago.
Take for instance, the ancient name of our town “Wineslai”, or as it was probably pronounced “Wineslaw”. No one knows really the meaning of the word. Saxon it undoubtedly was, and very early Saxon, too, very likely denoting a clearing in the forest which then covered the district; or it might have been where the Court was held for settling forest matters (see the old Saxon word “lawing” for instance). “Wini” most likely was the name of the Saxon Thane or officer who was in authority over the district or township. On the other hand the word “law” is said to have sometimes meant a small hill, and in this case might have referred to Shipton, although this is not very probable. At any rate in King Offa’s time the place was known as “Weneslow”, which is much nearer the present Winslow, than some of the other names in the locality are to their ancient designations.
The ancient name of Shipton was “Sipstone” which no doubt meant the same thing, a place for sheep.
Coming down to Norman times, in the reign of Edward III, there appears to be old and new Wyneslowe, the latter probably comprising the present church and a few houses around it. Shipton is mentioned with “Shiptondene”, the latter now being known as Dene Hill, “Hoggestonforde” was most likely the spot where the present Shipton Bridge stands. “Waterforough” probably was situate towards Granborough Brook, and may have been identical with the present Hollowfurrough. “Churchehigh” may have been a piece of ground belonging to the church, or it might have meant Church Hill, in which case it no doubt referred to the site of an earlier church than the present. “Clayforde” may have been the ford where the bathing place now is; “Blackgrove” may have been on the Swanborne Road; and Le Knoll was probably the spot known as Mill Knob.
Then in the time of Henry VIII we find the local colouring becoming clearer. For instance, we read of a barn situate in the Market place and of there being a pillory there, and a pillory ditch (although what the connection is between the two is hard to see); also Shipton Field, Shipton Crosse, and Shiptonbridge are mentioned on that side of the town; and on the Claydon side “Tokay Hill”, Claydenbrigge, and Orwel hill (Horrel Hill) elsewhere called Hordwell Hill. We also begin to hear of streets – there is Market Streete and High Streete, as well as the Meate Market and the Bull Ring; there is Churche Ende and the house called Mote Hall situate near the Market Place, and the Parsonage close is also referred to.
Some of these old names still survive, but many more no doubt have been forgotten. Which was High Street in those days it is impossible to say, the present High-Street being then called Cow-Street, and only extending from the Market-square to the Windmill Inn. Sheep Street like Cow Street, speaks of the old markets and fairs as does Swine Hill, now forgotten. Great Horn Street had also probably something to do with the cattle, but where there was a “little” Horn Street nobody knows. Windmill Street is now called Vicarage Lane; it formerly had several farmhouse standing on it, and led down to one or more of the windmills which existed, and by one of which there was a road (still to be traced) to Great Horwood. By the way there was about twenty years ago, an ancient sign of a windmill over the door of the inn of that name- unfortunately some tramping painter prevailed on the landlord to let him repaint this sign, and consequently the picture, probably as old as the house, has been replaced by a wretched daub. The pillory ditch ran from a pond at the corner of the Market-place, where the coach horses need to have their feet washed, and where the engine house now stands. An old dame school stood close to the ditch, and the Workhouse was situate in Bell-Alley, almost close to, with a mill for “the unemployed” of those days (an aged resident remembers working at this mill some 75 years ago, when he was quite a youth). The old George inn then stood in the alley; the pest house was at the bottom of the Walk, and the poorhouse stood in what is now High-Street, close to Mr Benbow’s.
The road now running at the back of Mr Willis’s house was then called the Greyhound-road from an old public house standing therein; and it then led to Shipton-street, forming a short cut which would be most useful in these days of streets blocked by sewage works. The Old Crown on the Market-square, where the plays used to be performed, has only recently be turned into a private house, the Ship and the Three Pidgeons have disappeared, and so has a public house which once existed at Shipton, together with several farmhouses - otherwise Shipton remains much as it was.
A few other landmarks still remain. The hall still raises its stately pile, with its chimneys still conspicuous from a distance, and the massive old tower of the church still stands “four square to the winds of heaven”. The Church House in the Market-square is still standing with its date of a couple of centuries back, although not just now habitable, while the older one at the rear of the Windmill Inn is apparently as sound as ever. The old houses in Horn-street, although considerable metamorphosed, still show their dated gable of 1702. The old chapel remains much as it was, and with Giles’ porch almost intact. One overhanging house still exists on Market-square to give us some idea of what it was like in the days of the old timber and plaster Market House and the remains of another are to be seen in the side of the Bell facing the alley.
Taking the town altogether, the old order has given place to the new much more than in some neighbouring towns. Let us hope however, that as a representative of one of the oldest families in it used to say “Winslow shall be Winslow still"; and although windmill, water mill, and tannery have disappeared, and strawplaiting and lace-making are things of the past, yet , if anything brighter and more prosperous days are in store for the ancient town.